Quick Reference for Board Exams — All Subspecialties • High-Yield • Rapid Review
| Condition | Bone Age | Growth Velocity | Key Clue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Familial Short Stature | Normal | Normal | Short parents |
| Constitutional Delay | Delayed | Normal (delayed tempo) | Family hx delayed puberty |
| GH Deficiency | Delayed | Decreased | Midline defects, low IGF-1 |
| Hypothyroidism | Delayed | Decreased | Fatigue, elevated TSH |
| Turner (45,X) | Mildly delayed | Decreased | Females; webbed neck, CoA |
| Age | Red Flag |
|---|---|
| 6 months | Does not reach for objects |
| 9 months | Cannot sit unsupported |
| 12 months | No pincer grasp; no babbling |
| 15 months | Not walking independently |
| 18 months | No words; no pointing |
| 2 years | No 2-word phrases |
| Feature | Obstructive | Central |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Airway obstruction despite effort | Absent respiratory effort |
| Common cause | Adenotonsillar hypertrophy | Prematurity; brainstem lesions |
| Snoring | Loud, habitual | Usually absent |
| 1st-line Tx | Adenotonsillectomy | Treat cause; caffeine |
| Provisional Tic | Tourette | |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | <1 year | >1 year |
| Type | Motor OR vocal | Multiple motor AND ≥1 vocal |
| Coprolalia? | No | No (<10%) |
| Lesion | Shunt | Murmur | Key Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| VSD | L→R | Pansystolic LLSB | Most common CHD |
| ASD | L→R | Fixed split S2 | Right heart enlargement |
| PDA | L→R | Continuous machinery | Bounding pulses |
| TOF | R→L | Systolic ejection | Boot-shaped heart; tet spells |
| TGA | Parallel | Single loud S2 | Egg-on-a-string; PGE1 |
Over 150 high-yield flashcards covering all pediatric subspecialties — Endocrinology, Immunology, Infectious Disease, Nephrology, Hematology, Oncology, Emergency, and more.
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